Research Articles
¿Un constructo o dos? Gestión del conocimiento, emprendimiento universitario y una medida breve validada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-2724202600025094Resumen
La investigación sobre educación superior en América Latina combina cada vez más medidas de cuestionario de gestión del conocimiento y de emprendimiento estudiantil en modelos estructurales que postulan relaciones de influencia entre ambas, pero rara vez verifica un requisito previo de tales modelos: que los constructos sean empíricamente distinguibles. Este estudio evaluó la estructura dimensional, la fiabilidad y la validez convergente y discriminante de un instrumento de ochenta ítems y siete dimensiones diseñado para medir ambas variables, con respuestas de 1.092 estudiantes de universidades privadas de Lima Norte, Perú, en su mayoría con empleo y experiencia emprendedora previa. Se compararon modelos factoriales rivales a nivel de ítem y se estimaron la fiabilidad, la varianza media extraída y las razones heterorrasgo-monorrasgo. La estructura hipotetizada de siete factores no superó sustantivamente a un modelo unifactorial; las veintiuna correlaciones latentes entre dimensiones oscilaron entre 0,86 y 0,97; y seis de siete dimensiones incumplieron el criterio de validez convergente pese a una alta fiabilidad compuesta. El instrumento mide, por tanto, esencialmente una dimensión general, denominada aquí capacidad emprendedora basada en el conocimiento. Se derivó y validó una forma breve de catorce ítems que preserva la cobertura de contenido del instrumento original, con ajuste aceptable, validez convergente satisfactoria y alta fiabilidad. Los resultados advierten contra interpretar los coeficientes estructurales entre autoinformes estrechamente relacionados como efectos sustantivos y aportan a investigadores y gestores universitarios de la región una herramienta de medición parsimoniosa y de libre reutilización y un protocolo de validación reproducible.
Palabras clave:
- Gestión del conocimiento
- Emprendimiento universitario
- Validez discriminante
- Análisis factorial confirmatorio
- Educación superior peruana
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Carlos Quiroz-Flores, Víctor Sánchez-Miranda

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