Driving SME Digital Transformation in Colombia: Analyzing Key Factors and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impact

Lorenzo Portocarrero-Sierra; Jordi  Morató-Farreras; Jorge Aníbal Restrepo-Morales; Diego Alejandro López-Cadavid

doi:10.4067/s0718-27242025000300059

Autores/as

Lorenzo Portocarrero-Sierra Asociación Colombiana de Instituciones de Educación Superior ACIET, Colombia
Jordi Morató-Farreras Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain
Jorge Aníbal Restrepo-Morales Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Colombia
Diego Alejandro López-Cadavid Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-27242025000300059

Resumen

Este estudio identifica los factores clave que influyen en las decisiones de inversión en digitalización en las pymes colombianas y su alineación con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Analizando 4.600 encuestas de 2023, empleamos Redes Neuronales Artificiales de perceptrón multicapa con algoritmos de retropropagación para el modelado predictivo, respaldado por validación a través de matrices de confusión y curvas ROC (AUC promedio: 0.94). Los resultados revelaron los predictores más significativos: la comprensión de las posibilidades y ventajas de la digitalización (20.87%), los empleados que utilizan las TIC (14.77%), el tamaño promedio de la fuerza laboral (10.68%) y la participación en mercados de comercio electrónico (7.32%). La originalidad del estudio radica en cuantificar con precisión la importancia relativa de cada factor, proporcionando una base empírica para priorizar las iniciativas de digitalización, y en analizar la alineación estratégica con los ODS, en particular el ODS 8 (Trabajo Decente y Crecimiento Económico), el ODS 9 (Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura) y el ODS 12 (Producción y Consumo Responsables). Estos hallazgos metodológicamente robustos ofrecen una guía valiosa para la formulación de políticas, estrategias empresariales y marcos teóricos interdisciplinarios que promueven la transformación digital sostenible de las pymes colombianas en contextos socioeconómicos más amplios, al tiempo que abordan barreras críticas para la adopción tecnológica, mejoran la ventaja competitiva regional y establecen vías de implementación integrales para el desarrollo de ecosistemas digitales. Estos conocimientos informan directamente las políticas prácticas de digitalización para las pymes al proporcionar una priorización basada en evidencia de las iniciativas educativas sobre las inversiones directas en tecnología, con implicaciones significativas para el desarrollo sostenible y la ventaja competitiva en las economías emergentes.

Palabras clave:

digitalization
SMEs
Artificial Neural Networks
Sustainable Development Goals
e-commerce
digital investment

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