Research Articles
Compromiso afectivo en estudiantes emprendedores: el efecto de los factores del entorno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-27242026000100003Resumen
La investigación sobre cómo el compromiso afectivo en los emprendedores se encuentra afectada el contexto es limitada, a pesar de la relevancia que tiene este comportamiento emprendedor en los resultados de la empresa. Para abordar esta brecha de conocimiento, presentamos un marco teórico para respaldar nuestras hipótesis y utilizamos un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probarlas. Analizamos los efectos del ambiente universitario, los antecedentes familiares empresariales y las normas subjetivas en el compromiso afectivo de los estudiantes emprendedores utilizando datos de la Encuesta Global de Espíritu Emprendedor Universitario de 2018 (GUESSS). Nuestros resultados indican un efecto directo positivo del ambiente universitario y las normas subjetivas en el compromiso afectivo. Además, las normas subjetivas median las relaciones entre el ambiente universitario y los antecedentes familiares y el compromiso afectivo, y el efecto de influencia total de los antecedentes familiar y el entorno universitario en el compromiso afectivo resultó ser estadísticamente significativo de acuerdo con el análisis de bootstrapping. Nuestra investigación hace una contribución teórica y empírica a la literatura sobre los mecanismos que moldean el compromiso afectivo de los estudiantes emprendedores, ya que investigaciones previas se ha centrado en los rasgos personales en lugar del entorno social. Como implicaciones prácticas, destacamos la importancia de brindar al ambiente universitario recursos como cursos, orientación y apoyo relacionados con las conductas emprendedoras, dotando así a los estudiantes emprendedores de las herramientas necesarias para el éxito y haciendo un llamado a la concienciación de las empresas familiares que quieren promover la continuidad de las conductas emprendedoras en sus próximas generaciones.
Palabras clave:
- Compromiso Affectivo
- Emprendimiento
- Normas Subjetivas
- Ambiente Universitario
- Antesce
Descargas
Citas
Acock, A. C. (2013). Discovering structural equation modeling using Stata. Stata Press.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Anwar ul Haq, M. A., Jingdong, Y., Usman, M., & Khalid, S. (2018). Factors affecting entrepreneurial behavior among employees in organizations: Mediating role of affective commitment. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 26(4), 349–378. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495818500139
Arshad, M., Farooq, O., Sultana, N., & Farooq, M. (2016). Determinants of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions: A gender-comparative study. Career Development International, 21(4), 318–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-10-2015-0135
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
Bergmann, H., Hundt, C., & Sternberg, R. (2016). What makes student entrepreneurs? On the relevance (and irrelevance) of the university and the regional context for student start-ups. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9700-6
Blanco-Mesa, F., Niño-Amézquita, D., & Gutiérrez-Ayala, J. (2023). Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios: Un análisis desde la teoría del comportamiento planificado en Colombia. Cuadernos de Gestión, 24(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.221858fb
Bloemen-Bekx, M., Van Gils, A., Lambrechts, F., & Sharma, P. (2019). Nurturing offspring's affective commitment through informal family governance mechanisms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(2), Article 100309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.100309
Blunch, N. J. (2016). Introduction to structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS Statistics and EQS. SAGE Publications.
Cabana-Villca, R., Cortes-Castillo, I., Plaza-Pasten, D., Castillo-Vergara, M., & Alvarez-Marin, A. (2013). Análisis de las capacidades emprendedoras potenciales y efectivas en alumnos de centros de educación superior. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 8(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242013000100007
Calvo, N., Neira, I., & Atrio, Y. (2023). Analysis of entrepreneurs' motivations and role models for growth expectations in the time of coronavirus. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(1), 841–866. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00905-x
Calza, F., Cannavale, C., & Nadali, I. Z. (2020). How do cultural values influence entrepreneurial behavior of nations? A behavioral reasoning approach. International Business Review, 29(5), Article 101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101725
Campos-Valverde, N., Leiva, J. C., & Mora, R. (2024). Affective commitment in entrepreneurial students: Person-oriented factors and subjective firm performance. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-10-2023-1466
Cardella, G. M., Barba-Sánchez, V., Meseguer-Martinez, Á., Hernández-Sánchez, B., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2024). Analyzing university students' entrepreneurial intentions under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(1), 2567–2590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00945-x
Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1987). Estimating trait, method, and error variance: Generalizing across 70 construct validation studies. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400308
Dawson, A., Irving, P. G., Sharma, P., Chirico, F., & Marcus, J. (2014). Behavioural outcomes of next-generation family members' commitment to their firm. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(4), 570–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2013.781155
Dawson, A., Sharma, P., Irving, P. G., Marcus, J., & Chirico, F. (2015). Predictors of later-generation family members' commitment to family enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), 545–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12052
Delgado-Piña, M. I., Gómez-Martínez, L., Romero-Martínez, A. M., & Vázquez-Inchausti, E. (2008). Determinantes sociales y cognitivos en el espíritu emprendedor: Un estudio exploratorio entre estudiantes argentinos. Cuadernos de Gestión, 8(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19105md
Dileo, I., & Pereiro, T. G. (2019). Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process: A cross-country multilevel approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1393–1441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0528-1
Dotong, E. J., & Manalang, M. G. (2023). The entrepreneurial intention of business students: Applying the theory of planned behavior and theory of reasoned action. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 1(5), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).03
Escandón-Barbosa, D. M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J. S., & Dominguez, A. Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Figueiredo-Nery, M. A. N., & Figueiredo, P. N. (2008). Forming entrepreneurial mindsets? Preliminary evidence of teaching practices from primary schools in a developing area in South America. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 3(2), 1–17. https://www.jotmi.org/index.php/GT/article/view/art75
Franke, N., & Lüthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students — A benchmarking study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(3), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219877004000209
García-Cruz, J., & Real-Fernández, J. C. (2018). Confianza como consecuencia del compromiso percibido: Implicaciones sobre el aprendizaje y la innovación. Cuadernos de Gestión, 13(1), 95–124. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.110282jg
Gimenez-Jimenez, D., Edelman, L. F., Minola, T., Calabrò, A., & Cassia, L. (2021). An intergeneration solidarity perspective on succession intentions in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(4), 740–766. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720956384
GUESSS. (2003–2024). Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey. https://www.guesssurvey.org/goals/
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
Hmieleski, K. M., & Sheppard, L. D. (2019). The Yin and Yang of entrepreneurship: Gender differences in the importance of communal and agentic characteristics for entrepreneurs' subjective well-being and performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 709–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.006
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. SAGE Publications.
Jakobsen, T. G., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2016). Applied statistics using Stata: A guide for the social sciences. SAGE Publications.
Jussim, L., Coleman, L. M., & Lerch, L. (1987). The nature of stereotypes: A comparison and integration of three theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.536
Kleine, A.-K., Schmitt, A., & Wisse, B. M. (2024). Financial stress and quit intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurs' affective commitment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(1), 1487–1510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00972-8
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
Lahti, T., Halko, M.-L., Karagozoglu, N., & Wincent, J. (2019). Why and how do founding entrepreneurs bond with their ventures? Neural correlates of entrepreneurial and parental bonding. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(2), 368–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.05.001
Laskovaia, A., Shirokova, G., & Morris, M. H. (2017). National culture, effectuation, and new venture performance: Global evidence from student entrepreneurs. Small Business Economics, 49(3), 687–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9852-z
Lechuga-Sancho, M. P., Martín-Navarro, A., & Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R. (2020). Will they end up doing what they like? The moderating role of the attitude towards entrepreneurship in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Studies in Higher Education, 45(2), 416–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1539959
Lechuga-Sancho, M. P., Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R., & Vega, M. Á. F. (2021). Is a favorable entrepreneurial climate enough to become an entrepreneurial university? An international study with GUESSS data. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), Article 100536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100536
Lecuna, A. (2014). High income inequality as a structural factor in entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 9(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242014000100002
Lee, S. M., & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-9516(00)00045-6
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Mainela, T., Puhakka, V., & Sipola, S. (2018). International entrepreneurship beyond individuals and firms: On the systemic nature of international opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 534–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.04.002
Marchisio, G., Mazzola, P., Sciascia, S., Miles, M., & Astrachan, J. (2010). Corporate venturing in family business: The effects on the family and its members. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(3–4), 349–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985621003726168
Martínez-Bobillo, A., Rodríguez-Sanz, J. A., & Tejerina-Gaite, F. (2021). Variables explicativas y predictivas de la capacidad de emprendimiento e innovación: Evidencia en las empresas familiares. Cuadernos de Gestión, 21(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.201329am
Marzo-Navarro, M., Pedraja-Iglesias, M., & Rivera-Torres, P. (2006). Las deficiencias formativas en la Educación Superior: El caso de las Ingenierías. Cuadernos de Gestión, 6(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.19150mm
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-4822(00)00053-x
Moreno-Gómez, J., Gómez-Araujo, E., & Castillo-De Andreis, R. (2019). Parental role models and entrepreneurial intentions in Colombia: Does gender play a moderating role? Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-04-2019-0048
Morris, M. H., Shirokova, G., & Tsukanova, T. (2017). Student entrepreneurship and the university ecosystem: A multi-country empirical exploration. European Journal of International Management, 11(1), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2017.081251
Muralidharan, E., & Pathak, S. (2017). Informal institutions and international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 26(2), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.07.006
Murnieks, C. Y., Cardon, M. S., & Haynie, J. M. (2020). Fueling the fire: Examining identity centrality, affective interpersonal commitment and gender as drivers of entrepreneurial passion. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(1), Article 105909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.10.007
Nazarian, A., Atkinson, P., & Foroudi, P. (2017). Influence of national culture and balanced organizational culture on the hotel industry's performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 63(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.01.003
Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L., & Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling: Helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1849–1864. https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2015-0302
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.
Olarewaju, A. D., Gonzalez-Tamayo, L. A., Maheshwari, G., & Ortiz-Riaga, M. C. (2022). Student entrepreneurial intentions in emerging economies: Institutional influences and individual motivations. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 30(3), 475–500. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-05-2022-0230
Podsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2023). Common method bias: It's bad, it's complex, it's widespread, and it's not easy to fix. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 17–61. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030
Rivero, C. A. P., & Ubierna, F. (2021). The development of the entrepreneurial motivation from the university. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(3), 1313–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00723-5
Robinson, D. F. (2008). Planting the seeds of effective entrepreneurship by teaching risk, advising, and design through growth. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 3(2), 29–35. https://www.jotmi.org/index.php/GT/article/view/art77
Romaní, G., Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marín, G., Escorcia, R. R., & Rueda, J. (2022). Not like my parents! The intention to become a successor of Latin American students with entrepreneur parents. Sustainability, 14(3), Article 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031193
Sallan, J. M., Simo, P., Fernandez, V., & Enache, M. (2018). Estudio de la relación entre el compromiso organizativo y la intención de abandonar la organización: Modelo de dos componentes de compromiso de continuidad. Cuadernos de Gestión, 10(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.090151js
Shirokova, G., Morris, M. H., Laskovaia, A., & Micelotta, E. (2021). Effectuation and causation, firm performance, and the impact of institutions: A multi-country moderation analysis. Journal of Business Research, 129(1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.045
Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marín, G., Gutierrez-Zepeda, P., & Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J. (2017). Prior exposure and educational environment towards entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 12(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000200006
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In J. T. Jost & J. Sidanius (Eds.), Political psychology: Key readings (pp. 276–293). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16
Teo, S., Bentley, T., & Nguyen, D. (2020). Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88(1), Article 102415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102415
Uriarte, S., Espinoza-Benavides, J., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). Engagement in entrepreneurship after business failure. Do formal institutions and culture matter? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(2), 941–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00829-6
Voordeckers, W., Martinez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramirez, A. A. (2024). Family governance practices and the minimum required rate of return in privately held family firms. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(1), 941–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00952-y
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes, and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18(1), 1–74.
Descargas
Recibido
Aceptado
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Journal of Technology Management and Innovation
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
