Active Internationalization of Software Enterprises: Scale Development and Validation

Authors

  • Maurício Floriano Galimberti Department of Informatics and Statistics (INE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Trindade, Cx.P. 476, Florianópolis http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2622
  • Andreia Zanella Department of Informatics and Statistics (INE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Trindade, Cx.P. 476, Florianópolis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242019000200003

Keywords:

active internationalization, small and medium-sized software enterprises, scale development, software SMEs, internationalization of software enterprises.

Abstract

A 34-item scale was developed to measure the attributes that contribute to success in the active internationalization processes of small and medium enterprises of software. Data from 103 companies was analysed. The scale was developed and available online in 4 languages. Based on established scale development procedures, such as exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, a final version of the research scale was proposed, composed by 15 items grouped in 4 dimensions. Innovation, entrepreneurship, network, and foreign market knowledge appear to be important factors for the success in the active internationalization processes of small and medium enterprise of software. Reliability and validity measures were calculated in order to check the adequacy of the proposed model. Concluding remarks discuss theoretical and managerial implications with limitations and directions for future research.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andersen, O. and Buvik, A. (2002) ‘Firms’ internationalization and alternative approaches to the international customer/market selection’, International Business Review, 11(3), pp. 347–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00064-6.

Andersson, S. (2000) ‘The internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective’, International Studies of Management and Organization, pp. 63–92. Available at: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0012814740&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988) ‘On the evaluation of structural equation models’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009207038801600107.

Bilkey, J. and Tesar, G. (1977) ‘The export behavior of smaller Wisconsin manufacturing firms’, Journal of International Business Studies1, 9(1), pp. 93–98.

Bollinger, L., Hope, K. and Utterback, J. M. (1983) ‘A review of literature and hypotheses on new technology-based firms’, 12(1), pp. 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(83)90023-9.

Brislin, R. W. (1970) ‘Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), pp. 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301.

Byrne, B. M. and M., B. (1994) Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows : basic concepts, applications, and programming. Sage Publications. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=528620 (Accessed: 29 September 2017).

Cavusgil, S. (1980) ‘On the Internationalization Process of Firms’, European Research, 8, pp. 273–281.

Chetty, S. and Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004) ‘A Strategic Approach to Internationalization: A Traditional Versus a “Born-Global” Approach’, Journal of International Marketing, 12(1), pp. 57–81. Available at: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642387422&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

Czinkota, M. (1982) ‘Export development strategies: US promotion policy’. Available at: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=7373618366045398112&hl=en&oi=scholarr#0 (Accessed: 9 April 2015).

Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981) ‘Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error Evaluating Structural Equation Models with’, Source Journal of Marketing Research Journal of Marketing Research This. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151312.

Galimberti, M. F. and Wazlawick, R. S. (2016) ‘Success factors for active internationalization of small and medium-sized software enterprises: case analyses from France and Brazil’, International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 15(4), p. 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2016.079850.

Galimberti, M.F. and Wazlawick, R.S. (2015) ‘Active internationalisation of small and medium-sized software enterprises: cases of French software companies’, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, Vol. 10, No. 4, p.99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242015000400011

Ghezzi, C., Jazayeri, M. and Mandrioli, D. (2003) Fundamentals of software engineering. Prentice Hall.

Gorsuch, R. L. (1983) Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hair, J. F. (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.

Harveston, P. D., Kedia, B. L. and Davis, P. S. (2000) ‘Internationalization of Born Global and Gradual Globalizing Firms: The Impact of the Manager’, Advances in Competitiveness Research. American Society for Competitiveness, 8(1), p. 92.

Hu, L. and Bentler, P. M. (1999) ‘Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives’, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.

Jantunen, A. (2005) ‘Knowledge‐processing capabilities and innovative performance: an empirical study’, European Journal of Innovation Management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 8(3), pp. 336–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14601060510610199.

Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J. (1977) ‘The internationalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge and increasing foreign market commitments’, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), pp. 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490676

Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.-E. (2003) ‘Business Relationship Learning and Commitment in the Internationalization Process’, Journal of International Entrepreneurship. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1(1), pp. 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023219207042.

Kaiser, H. F. (1970) ‘A second generation little jiffy’, Psychometrika. Springer-Verlag, 35(4), pp. 401–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817.

Madsen, T. K. and Servais, P. (1997) ‘The internationalization of Born Globals: An evolutionary process?’, International Business Review, 6(6), pp. 561–583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2.

McDougall, P. P. (1989) ‘International versus domestic entrepreneurship: New venture strategic behavior and industry structure’, Journal of Business Venturing, 4(6), pp. 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(89)90009-8.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978) Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill. Available at: https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Psychometric_theory.html?id=WE59AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y (Accessed: 29 April 2018).

Phillips McDougall, P., Shane, S. and Oviatt, B. M. (1994) ‘Explaining the formation of international new ventures: The limits of theories from international business research’, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(6), pp. 469–487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5.

Reid, S. D. (1981) ‘The Decision-Maker and Export Entry and Expansion’, Journal of International Business Studies. Nature Publishing Group, 12(2), pp. 101–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490581.

Rennie, M. W. (1993) ‘Born Global’, The McKinsey Quarterly. McKinsey & Company, Inc., (4), p. 45. Available at: https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-15424561/born-global (Accessed: 9 April 2015).

Ronkko, M., Ojala, A. and Tyrvainen, P. (2013) ‘Innovation as a driver of internationalization in the software industry’, in 2013 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS). IEEE, pp. 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICRIIS.2013.6716684.

Roselino, J. E. (2006) A Indústria de Software: o ‘modelo brasileiro’ em perspectiva comparada. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

Saarenketo, S. et al. (2009) ‘A knowledge‐based view of growth in new ventures’, European Business Review. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 21(6), pp. 531–546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555340910998823.

Shane, S. (1996) ‘Explaining Variation in Rates of Entrepreneurship in the United States: 1899-1988’, Journal of Management. Sage PublicationsSage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA, 22(5), pp. 747–781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200504.

Sharma, D. D. and Blomstermo, A. (2003) ‘The internationalization process of Born Globals: a network view’, International Business Review, 12(6), pp. 739–753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2003.05.002.

Shiba, S. et al. (1993) A new American TQM : four practical revolutions in management. Productivity Press.

Ullman, J. B. and Bentler, P. M. (2003) ‘Structural Equation Modeling’, in Handbook of Psychology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0224.

Whynes, D. K., Ennew, C. T. and Feighan, T. (1999) ‘Entrepreneurial attitudes of primary health care physicians in the United Kingdom’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 38(3), pp. 331–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(99)00013-X.

Wolfinbarger, M. and Gilly, M. C. (2003) ‘eTailQ: Dimensionalizing, measuring and predicting etail quality’, Journal of Retailing. JAI, 79(3), pp. 183–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(03)00034-4.

Zahra, S. A. and George, G. (2002) ‘Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension’, The Academy of Management Review. Academy of Management, 27(2), p. 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4134351.

Downloads

Published

2019-07-29

How to Cite

Galimberti, M. F., & Zanella, A. (2019). Active Internationalization of Software Enterprises: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 14(2), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242019000200003

Issue

Section

Research Articles