TY - JOUR AU - Etzkowitz, Henry PY - 2007/03/15 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - The “Athena Paradox:” Bridging the Gender Gap in Science. JF - Journal of Technology Management & Innovation JA - J.Technol. Manag. Innov. VL - 2 IS - 1 SE - Editorial DO - UR - https://www.jotmi.org/index.php/GT/article/view/edi6 SP - 1-3 AB - Science is fraught with gender inequities that depress women’s professional careers and invade their personal space, as well (Tri-national Conference (2003); Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, 2004; Rosser, 2004). For example, female PhD students in the U.S. are often excluded from the informal social groupings that advance professional socialization (Etzkowitz, Kemelgor and Uzzi, 2000). Not too long ago, a party celebrating the completion of the PhD by a female scientist in Brazil was interrupted by word that her husband was filing for divorce, apparently unable to countenance her rise in status symbolized by attainment of an advanced degree. A “gender tax” in evaluation of scientific work has been identified in experiments that assign the same paper to male and female authors. ER -