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The present article analyses the active principle and drug sector in Brazil after 1990. It has five sections showing that, at that time, the government priority was to maintain economic stability to the detriment of strengthening national drug industry. The article analyses the actions implemented through projects and concluded that the results of such policy were not satisfactory. Results show that the country continues to depend on multinational companies which control and progress vertical and horizontally in all stages of drug production to developing countries, thus benefiting from competitive advantages. Finally, it points out the measures needed for Brazil to join the active principle and drug international market.